I think the "gradualist Darwinian" answer to these abilities of the guppies and sticklebacks is that they have evolved these strategies by the usual gradual processes. -2 years for guppies to change and 3 years for sticklebacks is not gradual. - > > I suppose this idea of the evolution of a "genetic tool kit" could be what DT calls pre-loading or design, but it doesn't contradict evolution.-You misunderstand my theory. I am not contradicting evolution. Evolution happened, as much as I know I was born. I'm simply proposing that evolutionary advance is guided by the genetic code itsef, pre-planning.