dhw: the point I have made, which is that we have evidence of organisms changing their own structure in response to the environment and without advance planning.-That is the epigenetic response. No planning.-> dhw: That doesn't prove they are capable of invention (as opposed to adaptation), but it opens up the possibility that the same mechanism might be used innovatively when changing conditions offer new opportunities (as opposed to life-threatening dangers).-And that is the point Shapiro proposes in my response to 'Lipton and cell adhesion'.