DAVID: He [Shapiro] also says that cells act teleologically to survive and to evolve. > > dhw: I take “teleologically” to mean ”with purpose”, in which case his statement can be used to support the case for evolution being driven by cellular intelligence.-He also states that cells can create the large jumps in complexity by their epigenetic mechanisms. He doesn't explain how that ability might have appeared or developed in the cells. He simply states that is how evolution jumps ahead.