DT: "All I have said is that it can be mathematically demonstrated that chance DOES NOT have a chance. Darwin thought the universe was eternal, which allowed him time for his step-by-step method. It takes a certain type of planet with a certain type of sun that ages long enough for life to appear, if we can use Earth as the proper example. There is a finite time to allow this to happen. George appears to think the step-by-step method has infinity to work, which is not the case. George is exhibiting faith in Darwin's method. Reason is not involved." - Obviously I dispute your figures. Infinity would be a slight overestimate! I don't have time at present to look more deeply into your mathematics, since I'm in the middle of moving house, but will do so in due course.