If chance doesn't work what is left? George's argument of endless time is not available. Life appeared in 200-400,000 years after the Earth cooled enough, and with what we know about extremeophiles, the time coujld be somewhat shorter. That time limit is part of the probabilidties.- Brain half asleep this early AM. Note typos. Time limit for life 200-400 million years. Left out 3 zeros. Sorry. Must be accurate always. No errors or admit them immediately. Energy calories at breakfast got my brain going! Is the expression 'brain-fart' allowed? :-))