DAVID’s comment: the mutations are there but so are the safety nets. Logically when DNA appeared the safety nets had to be there also, or life would not have continued. Only a designed system fits the facts. One can argue that a perfect designer would have made a perfect system that never mutated, but the way evolution advances is by having groups of cooperative genes creating new forms, which again would require a designer, and makes chance extremely unlikely.

Thank you for yet another amazing article on how cells work. And thank you also for your illuminating comment. If God exists, I would agree with you that he created a system whereby groups of cooperative cells (cell communities) created new forms, thus producing the whole higgledy-piggledy history of evolution. And I would also agree with you that he did not WANT a system that never mutated, because he WANTED the vast variety of forms that his invention has produced. It seems that our ideas about God and evolution are converging.