dhw: As an agnostic, of course I recognize that the appearance of life MIGHT require God. And in an infinity of universes it MIGHT not. It's pure speculation either way. - DAVID: The existence of an infinity of universes is pure speculation also. - Agreed. The fact that all these theories are pure speculation does not make one speculative theory more valid, more scientific, or in my view more convincing than any other. Hence my agnosticism.