dhw: I keep pointing out that speciation is so difficult that NOBODY knows how it happens, and I keep agreeing with you that it involves new molecules (though I prefer to talk more generally about cells) and new arrangements, and innovation by definition cannot have a pre-existing picture, and thank you for acknowledging that some mechanism must exist to solve the problem. That is my whole point. There has to be a mechanism, but we don't know what it is. -Agreed. I've simply used a new tack to go one layer of complexity deeper than 'cells'. We've now discussed choosing new molecules and molecular arrangements. I understand that this is still insufficient evidence for you.