dhw:We do not know how or when intelligence arose, or whether it has always been present, but this does not affect hypotheses as to how evolution actually works. I myself have always tried, as Darwin did, to keep the two questions separate: how does evolution work? What is the origin of life and all its mechanisms? My evolutionary hypothesis therefore leaves open the question of how cells acquired their initial intelligence. Since Denton is an agnostic, I suspect he does the same, but I haven't read his book.-I have it in hand and will report.