[/i] > DAVID: He could have, or just the one needed for our upright posture. > > dhw: Good. So you agree that it is possible for other organisms to engineer their own mutations. We are making progress!-We don't know how far epigenetic changes can/will make new species, since we don't know how new species are created. We've had this discussion before about inventive mechanisms, with no conclusion except there might exist like it.