GK: It can start at the beginning. No reason, at all, it can't. think quantum mech and patters. God does not "have to be before" but can be right "after". Think Witten if you need "before". > > its all over in less than 1 second ... we were going to be here at that point. > > :-) ;-)-I was hoping you would expand on your post. I know Witten is one of the world's leading theoretical physicists, but how do you think his work applies to the biology of evolution?