dhw: However, whichever solution we impose on science, it's going to come up against the same unanswerable question: how did intelligence arise in the first place? DAVID: My contention is that inorganic plasma of the early universe could not invent consciousness and the intelligence therein by chance. C&I had to already exist and simply re-created itself through an evolution of the universe.-How C&I could ALREADY exist without a cause is as difficult to believe as its evolution by whatever means. "Simply" is a term often used by believers and non-believers, and it covers a multitude of imponderable and unbelievable complexities!