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Category:
Introduction
The atheist delusion
Agnosticism
Evolution
The limitations of science
Origins
The nature of a 'Creator'
Where is it now?
Endings
Identity
Animals
Humans
Religion
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What should be taught in schools?
A mad world
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> Rain drops are heavy and can be damaging to delicate surfaces like butterfly wings, which have protections=: > > https://phys.org/news/2020-06-armor-butterfly-wings-heavy.html > > "An analysis of high-speed raindrops hitting biological surfaces such as feathers, plant leaves and insect wings reveals how these highly water-repelling veneers reduce the water's impact. > > "Micro-bumps and a nanoscale wax layer on fragile butterfly wings shatter and spread raindrops to minimize damage. > > *** > > "The research showed how microscale bumps, combined with a nanoscale layer of wax, shatter and spread these drops to protect fragile surfaces from physical damage and hypothermia risk. > > *** > > "Raindrops pose risks, Jung said, because their impact could damage fragile butterfly wings, for example. > > "'[Getting hit with] raindrops is the most dangerous event for this kind of small animal," he said, noting the relative weight of a raindrop hitting a butterfly wing would be analogous to a bowling ball falling from the sky on a human. > > *** > > "In analyzing the film, they found that when a drop hits the surface, it ripples and spreads. A nanoscale wax layer repels the water, while larger microscale bumps on the surface creates holes in the spreading raindrop. > > "'Consider the micro-bumps as needles," Jung said. If one dropped a balloon onto these needles, he said, "then this balloon would break into smaller pieces. So the same thing happens as the raindrop hits and spreads." > > "This shattering action reduces the amount of time the drop is in contact with the surface, which limits momentum and lowers the impact force on a delicate wing or leaf. It also reduces heat transfer from a cold drop. This is important because the muscles of an insect wing, for example, need to be warm enough to fly. > > "If they have a longer time in contact with the cold raindrop, they're going to lose a lot of heat and they cannot fly very easily," Jung said, making them vulnerable to predators, for example. > > Repelling water as quickly as possible also is important because water is very heavy, making flight in insects and birds difficult and weighing down plant leaves. > > Comment: The original design of butterfly wings had to include this protection mechanism or butterflies would not have survived. Not by chance
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