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> A new set of plant defense findings:
> 
> https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200508083547.htm
> 
> 
> "Some plants, like soybean, are known to possess an innate defense machinery that helps them develop resistance against insects trying to feed on them. However, exactly how these plants recognize signals from insects has been unknown until now. Scientists have now uncovered the cellular pathway that helps these plants to sense danger signals and elicit a response, opening doors to a myriad of agricultural applications. 
> 
> ***
> 
> "Plants, too, have innate systems that are triggered in response to a particular threat, such as insects feeding on them. For example, some plants sense "herbivore-derived danger signals" (HDS), which are specific chemicals in oral secretions of insects. This activates [b]a cascade of events in the plant's defense machinery[/b], which leads to the plant developing "resistance" to (or "immunity" against) the predator. (my bold)
> 
> ***
> 
> "They chose to study membrane proteins called "receptor-like kinases" (RLKs), which are found in soybean leaves. They based their study on previous evidence from plants like Arabidopsis, tobacco, and cowpea, in which RLKs play a major role in HDS systems. 
> 
> ***
> 
> "When they tested these plants using oral secretions from the pest, they uncovered genes for two novel RLKs that showed a defense response specific to the oral secretions, called GmHAK1 and GmHAK2. These findings were unprecedented: the role of these RLKs in soybean HDS systems had never been revealed before. Moreover, when the scientists dug deeper into the mechanism of these regulatory factors in Arabidopsis, they found two proteins, a HAK homolog and PBL27 (which play a role in intracellular signaling), to be involved in this pathway. Accordingly, this confirmed what the scientists had initially expected―soybean and Arabidopsis possess similar mechanisms for "danger response.'"
> 
> Comment: Once again we see complex gene controlled defense mechanisms that had to be designed to protect plants when they evolved. Note the bold. A cascade is an organized series of events that requires no input from intelligence having been triggered by  molecular responses.