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> David&apos;s comment (on dead bee scent): [i]How did chance evolution make this work? I have no idea, but the arrangement is very complex. Without pollination this plant won&apos;t survive. Let&apos;s assume this fly was pollinating but not often enough. To make the scent the plant had to know the flies&apos; preferences in meals. How did it learn that? Not trial and error as Darwin might suggest. Saltation.[/i]dhw: [i]Saltation does not explain how organisms learn! Learning entails sentience plus intelligence. Even trial and error entails intelligence, but the quicker the organism learns, the greater the intelligence[/i]. DAVID: [i]Just how does a plant learn what an insect likes? Scent proteins are a special class, called esters, in a huge group of protein molecules in biochemistry. How does the plant know how to search for the right molecule? I have no answer except God. How much intelligence do you expect in plants without a brain?[/i]Enough intelligence to learn from their experience and apply that knowledge to fashion a method of survival.DAVID: [i]Note my acceptance for animals learning involves them having a brain and the degree of complexity the new task involves.[/i]I have noted many times your firm belief that only organisms with a brain are capable of learning and processing information and working out their own methods of survival - although some, like the weaverbird, still have to rely on God to teach them how to build their nests. I wonder how many biologists and botanists agree with you that every single mode of plant survival has also had to be planned by God.