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> > dhw: You have not defined the contrast between “abstract” and “concrete” (the article defined it as “universals” versus “particulars”). You have substituted “analytic” for “abstract” – but it really doesn’t matter. I am quite happy to accept that the link requires analytic or abstract thought. The difference between us is your insistence that bees and other non-human life forms are incapable of such “analysis”, and therefore God must have programmed leaf-biting 3.8 billion years ago or given bees direct lessons. 
> 
> Agreed: bees cannot have abstract or analytic thought
> > 
> > DAVID: [i]Observing cause and effect over time requires conceptual analysis that reaches a conclusion. My theories about God are at the same degree of conceptual thought. Conceptual thought ability cannot be graded into levels. [/i]
> > 
> > dhw: Do please explain the difference between a degree of conceptual thought and a level of conceptual thought.
> 
> All the same. Conceptual/abstract thought is not concrete thought, which is what limits bees.
> > 
> > DAVID: [i]We have it, animals don't. As for universals and particulars, we can think in universals, animals don't, ever. I'll stick with the authors of "Natures' IQ". God is in charge.[/i]
> > 
> > dhw: What do we have that animals don’t have? According to you, they don’t have the ability to link two events and conclude that one is the cause of the other. God must preprogramme each link for them, or he must give them lessons on each individual cause and effect. That is where you and I part company. But of course I agree that “universals” demand a degree or level of thought which animals do not have.
> 
> Thank you. Without it bees cannot correlate bites ad later earlier-blooming flowers
> >  
> > dhw: On what has become one of my favourite organisms – the slime mold:
> > QUOTE: [i]But the studies also speak to a profound biological and philosophical conundrum. [b]Where do cognition and intelligence come from?[/b] How could natural selection turn single-celled amoebas into homo sapiens? Dr. Levin thinks that the electrical communications that help flatworms regenerate might have evolved into the subtler mechanisms of brain communication. Those creepy slime molds and flatworms might help to explain how humans got smart."[/i]
> > 
> > DAVID: [i]We have covered this material before. The bold is a good question if you are an atheist, but simple if you believe the intelligence is God's and given to the living organisms in cellular genomes. Such intelligence doesn't arise out of thin air or by chance, and it certainly can't evolve from simple one-celled starting life, whose start is still totally unknown to us.[/i]
> > 
> > dhw: I have no objection at all to the argument that the source of this intelligence may be your God. The difference between us – as with the bees above – is your insistence that these obvious demonstrations of intelligence and cognition do NOT denote the intelligence and cognition of the organisms concerned, but all their intelligent actions must either have been divinely preprogrammed 3.8 billion years ago or taught directly through private lessons delivered by your dabbling God.
> 
> Without the ability to get beyond concrete thoughts, God has to help.